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to accept Catholicism

  • 1 accept Catholicism

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > accept Catholicism

  • 2 accept

    [əkʹsept] v
    1. 1) принимать; брать ( предложенное)

    to accept a present [an invitation] - принять подарок [приглашение]

    2) соглашаться; реагировать положительно

    to accept office /a post/ - согласиться занять должность

    to accept an offer [an apology] - принять предложение [извинения]

    he proposed and she accept him - он сделал предложение, и она согласилась ( стать его женой)

    2. 1) признавать, принимать, допускать

    to accept smb.'s views - признавать чьи-л. взгляды

    to accept smth. at its face-value - принимать что-л. за чистую монету

    to accept as valid and binding - юр. признать действительным и обязательным

    he refused to accept the hypothesis - он решительно отверг /отвёл/ эту гипотезу

    the idea of universal education is widely accepted - идея всеобщего образования получила широкое признание

    2) верить
    3) принимать как неизбежное; мириться (с чем-л.)
    3. принимать (в клуб и т. п.); считать (кого-л.) приемлемым или подходящим
    4. преим. юр., парл. одобрить, утвердить

    the report of the committee was accepted - доклад комитета был принят /одобрен, утверждён/

    to accept the record - спорт. зарегистрировать рекорд

    5. ком. акцептовать ( вексель)
    6. тех. подходить, соответствовать; вставляться

    this socket won't accept a three-pronged plug - к этой розетке не подходит трёхштекерная вилка

    7. биол. не вызывать отторжения

    НБАРС > accept

  • 3 accept

    1. v принимать; брать
    2. v соглашаться; реагировать положительно
    3. v признавать, принимать, допускать
    4. v верить
    5. v принимать как неизбежное; мириться
    6. v принимать; считать приемлемым или подходящим
    7. v преим. юр. парл. одобрить, утвердить
    8. v ком. акцептовать
    9. v тех. подходить, соответствовать; вставляться
    10. v биол. не вызывать отторжения
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. admit (verb) admit; receive; take in
    2. agree (verb) accede; acquiesce; agree; assent; consent
    3. apprehend (verb) apprehend; catch; compass; comprehend; conceive; cotton on to; cotton to; fathom; follow; grasp; make out; read; see; tumble to; twig
    4. approve (verb) approbate; approve; countenance; favor; favour; go for; hold with; subscribe to
    5. believe (verb) acknowledge; affirm; believe; hold; maintain; swallow; trust
    6. concur (verb) accede to; acquiesce in; acquiesce to; adopt; agree to; allow; assume; concede; concede to; concur; grant
    7. take (verb) abide; acquire; bear; bear with; brook; embrace; endure; pocket; receive; stand; stomach; suffer; support; sustain; take; tolerate; tough out; welcome
    8. understand (verb) appreciate; conclude; construe; interpret; understand
    9. welcome (verb) embrace; take up; welcome
    Антонимический ряд:
    decline; deny; disagree; disavow; discard; disown; dispute; ignore; refuse; reject; renounce

    English-Russian base dictionary > accept

  • 4 Catholicism

    1. n церк. католичество, католицизм
    2. n церк. поступок, достойный доброго католика
    Синонимический ряд:
    Christendom (noun) Christendom; Christianity; church; followers of Christ; pope

    English-Russian base dictionary > Catholicism

  • 5 accept

    əkˈsept гл.
    1) принимать, брать;
    соглашаться accept blindly ≈ слепо поверить accept fully ≈ полностью принять accept readily ≈ принять с готовностью She accepted his present unwillingly. ≈ Она с неохотой приняла от него подарок. All those invited to next week's peace conference have accepted. ≈ Все, кто был приглашен на конференцию по вопросам мирного урегулирования, которая состоится на следующей неделе, были приняты. accept an offer accept a proposal accept a suggestion accept a post accept the responsibility accept an apology accept a challenge accept the resignation of the cabinet accept in deposit accept bribes accept equipment accept on condition that
    2) допускать, признавать;
    принимать, мириться I accept him as the greatest expert in this field. ≈ Я признаю, что он крупнейший специалист в этой области. I accept the correctness of your statement. ≈ Признаю правильность вашего утверждения. I accept that the proposal may be defeated. ≈ Я допускаю, что это предложение может быть отклонено. accept for a fact accept the inevitable accept the situation be generally accepted be universally accepted Syn: acknowledge
    1)
    3) принимать (в клуб и т. п.) ;
    относиться благосклонно, считать( кого-л.) приемлемым, подходящим Should The British Army accept gays? ≈ Принимают ли в Британскую Армию гомосексуалистов? Many men still have difficulty accepting a woman as a business partner. ≈ Многие мужчины до сих пор испытывают неудобство, принимая женщин в качестве деловых партнеров.
    4) коммерч. акцептовать (вексель), принимать (к оплате) to accept a bill ≈ акцептировать вексель to accept a check ≈ принимать к оплате или в уплату чек
    5) биол. не вызывать отторжения drugs which will fool the body into accepting transplants ≈ лекарства, позволяющие обмануть защитные силы организма с тем, чтобы не вызывать отторжения пересаживаемых органов ∙ to accept persons ≈ проявлять лицеприятие
    принимать;
    брать предложенное;
    - to * a present принять подарок;
    - to * in deposit принимать на хранение;
    - to * bribes брать взятки;
    - to * equipment производить приемку оборудования соглашаться;
    реагировать положительно;
    - to * office согласиться занять должность;
    - to * the resignation of the cabinet принять отставку правительства;
    - to * an offer принять предложение;
    - he proposed and she *ed him он сделал предложение, и она согласилась признавать, принимать, допускать;
    - to * smb.'s views признавать чьи-лю взгляды;
    - to * smth. at its face-value принимать что-л. за чистую монету;
    - to * as valid and binding (юридическое) признать действительным и обязательным;
    - he refused to * the hypothesis он решительно отверг эту гипотезу;
    - the idea of universal education is widely *ed идея всеобщего образования получила широкое признание верить;
    - the teacher won't * your excuse такой отговорке учитель не поверит;
    - to * Catholicism перейти в католичество принимать как неизбежное;
    мириться с чем-л.;
    - to * poor living conditions мириться с плохими условиями жизни;
    - to * the situation мириться с положением принимать (в клуб и т. п.) ;
    считать кого-л. приемлемым или подходящим;
    - they *ed her as one of the group они приняли ее в свою среду;
    - he is *ed in this house его в этом доме принимают преим (юридическое) (парламентское) одобрить, утвердить;
    - the report of the committee was *ed доклад комитета был принят;
    - to * the record( спортивное) зарегистрировать рекорд( коммерческое) акцептовать вексель (техническое) подходить, соответствовать;
    вставляться;
    - this socket won't * a three-pronged plug к этой розетке не подходит трехштекерная вилка (биология) не вызывать отторжения
    accept акцептировать ~ ком. акцептовать (вексель) ;
    to accept persons проявлять лицеприятие;
    to accept the fact примириться с фактом ~ акцептовать вексель ~ брать ~ допускать;
    соглашаться;
    признавать;
    I accept the correctness of your statement признаю правильность вашего утверждения ~ допускать ~ одобрять ~ относиться благосклонно ~ подходить ~ признавать ~ принимать;
    to accept an offer принять предложение ~ принимать ~ соглашаться ~ соответствовать ~ считать приемлемым ~ утвердить
    ~ принимать;
    to accept an offer принять предложение offer: accept an ~ принимать предложение
    ~ for honour акцептовать вексель для спасения кредита векселедателя
    ~ for honour supra protest акцептовать вексель после его опротестования ~ for honour supra protest оплачивать вексель после его опротестования
    ~ ком. акцептовать (вексель) ;
    to accept persons проявлять лицеприятие;
    to accept the fact примириться с фактом
    ~ the directors' report and accounts получать отчет правления и финансовую отчетность
    ~ ком. акцептовать (вексель) ;
    to accept persons проявлять лицеприятие;
    to accept the fact примириться с фактом
    ~ допускать;
    соглашаться;
    признавать;
    I accept the correctness of your statement признаю правильность вашего утверждения

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > accept

  • 6 embrace

    1. transitive verb
    2) (fig.): (surround) umgeben
    3) (accept) wahrnehmen [Gelegenheit]; annehmen [Angebot]
    4) (adopt) annehmen
    5) (include) umfassen
    2. intransitive verb 3. noun
    Umarmung, die
    * * *
    [im'breis] 1. verb
    (to take (a person etc) in the arms; to hug: She embraced her brother warmly.) umarmen
    2. noun
    (a clasping in the arms; a hug: a loving embrace.) die Umarmung
    * * *
    em·brace
    [ɪmˈbreɪs, emˈ-, AM esp emˈ-]
    I. vt
    1. (hug, clasp)
    ▪ to \embrace sb jdn umarmen [o in die Arme schließen]
    ▪ to \embrace sth etw umfassen [o umklammern
    ▪ to \embrace sth etw [bereitwillig] übernehmen
    to \embrace an idea eine Idee aufgreifen
    to \embrace an offer ein Angebot [gern] annehmen
    to \embrace the opportunity die Gelegenheit ergreifen [o wahrnehmen
    3. ( fig: adopt) sich dat etw zu eigen machen
    he \embraced the cause of the natives er machte die Sache der Eingeborenen zu seiner eigenen
    II. n Umarmung f
    * * *
    [Im'breɪs]
    1. vt
    1) (= hug) umarmen, in die Arme schließen
    2) (= seize eagerly) religion annehmen; opportunity wahrnehmen, ergreifen; cause sich annehmen (+gen); offer annehmen, ergreifen

    he embraced the idea of an integrated Europe — er machte sich (dat) den Gedanken eines integrierten Europas zu eigen

    3) (= include) umfassen, erfassen
    2. vi
    sich umarmen
    3. n
    (= hug) Umarmung f
    * * *
    embrace1 [ımˈbreıs]
    A v/t
    1. a) umarmen, in die Arme schließen
    b) umfassen, umklammern
    c) umgeben:
    2. fig einschließen, umfassen
    3. fig
    a) bereitwillig annehmen, sich etwas zu eigen machen
    b) eine Gelegenheit ergreifen
    c) ein Angebot, auch eine Religion annehmen
    d) einen Beruf ergreifen, eine Laufbahn einschlagen
    e) eine Hoffnung hegen
    4. in sich aufnehmen, erfassen
    B v/i sich umarmen
    C s Umarmung f
    embrace2 [ımˈbreıs] v/t JUR Geschworene etc
    a) bestechen
    b) zu bestechen versuchen
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    2) (fig.): (surround) umgeben
    3) (accept) wahrnehmen [Gelegenheit]; annehmen [Angebot]
    4) (adopt) annehmen
    5) (include) umfassen
    2. intransitive verb 3. noun
    Umarmung, die
    * * *
    n.
    Umarmung -en f. v.
    umarmen v.

    English-german dictionary > embrace

  • 7 devout

    adjective
    fromm; sehnlich [Wunsch]; inständig [Hoffnung]
    * * *
    1) (earnest or sincere: Please accept my devout thanks.) herzlich
    2) (religious: a devout Christian.) fromm
    * * *
    de·vout
    [dɪˈvaʊt]
    1. Catholic, person fromm, gläubig; ( fig: committed) eifrig; environmentalist, pacifist [sehr] engagiert, erklärt
    to be a \devout believer in sth fest von etw dat überzeugt sein
    2. (sincere) prayers inbrünstig, andächtig; hope, wish innig, sehnlich
    * * *
    [dɪ'vaʊt]
    1. adj
    person, Christian, Muslim fromm; Christianity, Catholicism, Marxist, environmentalist, follower überzeugt; supporter treu; opponent eingeschworen

    it was my father's devout wish/hope that... — es war der inständige Wunsch/die sehnliche Hoffnung meines Vaters, dass..., mein Vater wünschte sich inständig/hoffte sehnlich, dass...

    2. n

    the devout — die Frommen

    * * *
    devout [dıˈvaʊt] adj (adv devoutly)
    1. fromm
    2. andächtig
    3. innig, inbrünstig
    4. herzlich
    5. eifrig
    * * *
    adjective
    fromm; sehnlich [Wunsch]; inständig [Hoffnung]
    * * *
    adj.
    andächtig adj.

    English-german dictionary > devout

  • 8 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

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